When you see “new big thing in SEO” in an article title, you have every right to read with skepticism.
SEO is fraught with ‘new things,’ ‘big things,’ constant change, too much hype, and a lot of misinformation.
Co-citation isn’t exactly new, but its latest iteration and the attendant changes that it introduces into the SEO world are a pretty big deal.
This article will introduce the topic of co-citation or co-occurrence, and explain some of its ramifications.
Before explaining the nitty-gritty of these SEO trends, we need to explain the terms themselves. Co-citation and co-occurrence refer to roughly the same thing. The term co-occurrence is used by some SEOs to describe how keyword phrase association across sites can impact search engine results.
Co-citation more specifically addresses the issue of how sites can affect the ranking of other websites without the presence of an actual link. Based on this understanding, co-occurrence is distinct from co-citation. This article, however, uses the term co-citation to encompass both co-citation and co-occurrence.
The big idea of co-citation is rather simple, but you have to wrap your mind around it. Here’s how it happens. Website A and Website B both link to Website C and Website D, but Website A and Website B don’t link to each other. Nonetheless, Website A and Website B are connected by means of co-citation.
This method of understanding co-citation, however, is simplistic. Co-citation also involves the transitive property, which looks like this.
Co-citation, then, establishes a relationship between two sites, even though there are no links between those two sites. The relationship of co-citation is established by contextual keywords and mutual links. Keep in mind that co-citation relationships are simultaneously happening across vast numbers of similar sites.
But there’s more to co-citation than just halo authority via transitive relationships. Perhaps the most surprising aspect of co-citation is that it can elevate a site’s rankings without links and even in the absence of actual matched keywords.
The reason why co-citation is such a fascinating trend is that it defies customary understanding of SEO best practices.
Here’s an example. Let’s say that a website is winning in the rankings for “best electric lawnmower.” When you visit this high-ranked website, however, you notice that it lacks the keyword “best electric lawnmower” in the title tag, in the meta description, in the anchor text, and maybe even in the written blog content itself. What’s going on? There may be a few keyword synonyms, but no longtail matches, and little in the way of link juice. How in the world does this site rank so high?
The answer is co-citation.
Google associates relevant terms with such websites, even when those sites are devoid of the classic SEO signals. It then awards such sites high ranks based on co-citation markers rather than customary SEO features.
This is not to say that existing SEO practices are dead, nor are they less important. Instead, co-citation is an additional SEO reality of which we must be aware.
The big thing we need to keep in mind is that co-citation resists cut-and-dried explanations of how exactly it works. There is no list of “co-citation best practices,” nor are there tools that can effectively measure co-citation. It is inherently immeasurable because of its vague nature and the aggregate algorithmic features that comprise it. Co-citation involves a host of signals that encompass a wide range of SEO features. There are additional fringe factors that bear upon co-citation as a SERP-affecting event, such as:
Every one of the features listed above bear upon SEO in general and upon co-citation specifically.
This simply goes to prove the point that SEO is increasingly becoming something beyond manipulation. More and more, SEO is sliding out of our grasp, and depending upon the power of the algorithms and the impact of millions of searches that people are conducting each day.
The second truth about co-citation involves its far-reaching implications.
There are two types of SEO professionals — those who use novel tricks and those who employ classic and strategic maneuvers. Those who use the cute tricks will likely see jumps in ranking, but no sustainable value. Successful SEO, on the other hand, endures. Those who use strategic maneuvers play it smart by understanding the algorithm changes and responding accordingly.
What we’re seeing in co-citation is a trend deeply rooted within a host of algorithmic components. Thus, co-citation can be considered a sustainable change that affect the way SEO is done for the long term.
If we’re talking about a paradigm shift, what kinds of changes can we or should we expect for the future?
Co-citation has not reached its maturity, but now is the time to know about it. This truth won’t revolutionize your SEO practice today, but it will have an increasing impact upon search in the future.
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